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Zenon Pylyshyn
Protagonist
1
#2773
Arguments advanced by Zenon Pylyshyn.
CONTEXT
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Artificial Intelligence »
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial IntelligenceâA collaboratively editable version of Robert Horns brilliant and pioneering debate map Can Computers Think?âexploring 50 years of philosophical argument about the possibility of computer thought.âF1CEB7
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Protagonists »
Protagonists
ProtagonistsâThe contributions of over 300 protagonists can be explored via a surname search, or using the growing list developing here.âD3B8AB
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Zenon Pylyshyn
Zenon PylyshynâArguments advanced by Zenon Pylyshyn.âD3B8AB
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Implementable in functional system »
Implementable in functional system
Implementable in functional systemâProperly organized functional states generate consciousness. Such organization exists in the brain and can be built into computers as well.âFFFACD
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Analogue images canât encode knowledge »
Analogue images canât encode knowledge
Analogue images canât encode knowledgeâThe analogue interpretation of images makes them too specific to encode knowledge. Knowledge has a generality that can only be captured by propositions.âFFFACD
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Images are secondary to propositions »
Images are secondary to propositions
Images are secondary to propositionsâKnowledge is encoded in an unconscious propositional medium that lies beneath both language and imagery. Imagery, by itself, is not of interest to cognitive science, because it canât explain human knowledge.âFFFACD
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Dual codes are too indeterminate »
Dual codes are too indeterminate
Dual codes are too indeterminateâDual codes are inadequate as theyre too ambiguous to provide for correspondences between pictures and words. Moving from pictures to words and vice versa requires an underlying intermediary code, or interlingua, to mediate the two realms.âFFFACD
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Images can't encode knowledge »
Images can't encode knowledge
Images can't encode knowledgeâKnowledge consists of information that applies to a range of possible situations. Analogue images, however, only carry information about the situations from which they rose; in themselves, they lack generality of application.âFFFACD
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Images aren't primitive explanatory concepts »
Images aren't primitive explanatory concepts
Images aren't primitive explanatory conceptsâTo be explanatory, images must play a role in causal explanations. Experience suggests they do not. Images in themselves (prior to interpretation) are epiphenomena that ride above a causal substrate of propositions, like foam rides atop a wave.âFFFACD
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Images are cognitively penetrable »
Images are cognitively penetrable
Images are cognitively penetrableâImages are cognitively penetrable, in that they can be altered in various ways by what a subject thinks. They cant be explanatory primitives as they break down into simpler parts depending on context.âFFFACD
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The definition of image is too vague »
The definition of image is too vague
The definition of image is too vagueâThe notion of image has no clear meaning except by association with the commonsense notion of a pictureâwhich misleads the study of mind as it implies a spatial geometric figure is somehow actually present in the brain when we perceive an image.âFFFACD
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Picture-in-the-head metaphor influences covertly »
Picture-in-the-head metaphor influences covertly
Picture-in-the-head metaphor influences covertlyâEven if no one takes the picture-in-the-head metaphor seriously, the metaphor is implicitly drawn on when image theorists appeal to the spatial properties of images.âFFFACD
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Brain-style modelling can be misleading »
Brain-style modelling can be misleading
Brain-style modelling can be misleading âBasing psychological theories on facts about the brain can be misleading. Neural inspiration seems useful, but its led to a revival of such weak psychological theories as: associationism; microfeature analysis; and  statistically based learning.âFFFACD
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Facts about the brain may be irrelevant »
Facts about the brain may be irrelevant
Facts about the brain may be irrelevantâStructures at different levels of organisation are often dissimilar. Thinking may have little in common with the neural structures its implemented in. Basing a theory of cognitive architecture on a theory about the brain requires care.âFFFACD
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The Connectionist Dilemma »
The Connectionist Dilemma
The Connectionist DilemmaâThe connectionist approach to cognitive science is impaled on the horns of a dilemma: it is either inadequate as a theory of mind, or else it is an implementation of the classical architecture (see detailed text).âFFFACD
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Connectionism is associationism »
Connectionism is associationism
Connectionism is associationismâProcessing units in a connectionist network are connected by associative links. Associationist theories cant account for systematicity and related phenomena: symbolic AI can via structured representations and structure sensitive thought processes.âFFFACD
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Yes: physical symbol systems can think [3] »
Yes: physical symbol systems can think [3]
Yes: physical symbol systems can think [3]âThinking is a rule governed manipulation of symbolic representational structures. In humans, symbol systems are instantiated in the brain, but the same symbol systems can also be instantiated in a computer. âFFFACD
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Analogue systems can't represent general concepts »
Analogue systems can't represent general concepts
Analogue systems can't represent general conceptsâAnalogue devices only capture particular sensory patterns. They cannot (by themselves) be used to recognize and process unversal concepts.âFFFACD
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Analogue machines lack flexibility of digital machines »
Analogue machines lack flexibility of digital machines
Analogue machines lack flexibility of digital machinesâAnalogue devices cant make contingent if-then branchesâie analogue devices cant do one thing under one set of circumstances and a completely different thing under a discretely different set of circumstances.âFFFACD
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Symbol structures can be distributed »
Symbol structures can be distributed
Symbol structures can be distributedâA classicial symbol processor can be physically distributed in memory, and can thereby exhibit graceful degradation. So distributed systems like connectionist networks dont have any principled advatange over physical symbol systems.âFFFACD
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The 100-step constraint »
The 100-step constraint
The 100-step constraintâAlogrithms modelling cognitive processes must meet the 100-step constraint for performing complex tasks imposed by the brains timescale. Classical sequential algorithms, which run in millions of time-steps now, seem unlikely to meet the constraint.âFFFACD
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Symbol processing can take place in parallel »
Symbol processing can take place in parallel
Symbol processing can take place in parallelâAÂ classical system can be implemented in a parallel architecture: eg by executing multiple symbolic processes at the same time. So parallel processing systems, like connectionist networks, have no principled advantage over classical symbol systems.âFFFACD
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Body isn't essential to intelligence in its final form »
Body isn't essential to intelligence in its final form
Body isn't essential to intelligence in its final formâThe body is important to the development of intelligence (as Jean Piaget has shown) but not to its ultimate form. By the time a human reaches adulthood, the body is no longer essentialâan adult quadriplegic is intelligent.âFFFACD
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Best heuristics aren't just trial and error »
Best heuristics aren't just trial and error
Best heuristics aren't just trial and errorâHeuristic searches dont necessarily rely on trial and error. Programs can be structured so that a heuristic method moves the search ever closer to a problem solution without the need for redundant backtracking.âFFFACD
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Affordances are trivial »
Affordances are trivial
Affordances are trivialâAffordances are just another name for whatever it is in the environment that makes an organism respond as it does. But such a notion cant provide a substantial explanation of perception and adds nothing new to our knowledge of perception mechanismâFFFACD
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Classicists aren't committed to explicit rules »
Classicists aren't committed to explicit rules
Classicists aren't committed to explicit rulesâThe possibility of implicit rules doesnt argue against the classical symbolic framework, because theres a body of work within the classicist camp that shows how implicit rules can be modeled.âFFFACD
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Zenon Pylyshyn »
Zenon Pylyshyn
Zenon PylyshynâArguments advanced by Zenon PylyshynâFFFACD
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Entered by:-
David Price
NodeID:
#2773
Node type:
Protagonist
Entry date (GMT):
7/20/2007 6:07:00 PM
Last edit date (GMT):
7/20/2007 6:07:00 PM
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