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Hubert Dreyfus
Protagonist
1
#2785
Arguments advanced by Hubert Dreyfus.
CONTEXT
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Artificial Intelligence »
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial IntelligenceâA collaboratively editable version of Robert Horns brilliant and pioneering debate map Can Computers Think?âexploring 50 years of philosophical argument about the possibility of computer thought.âF1CEB7
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Protagonists »
Protagonists
ProtagonistsâThe contributions of over 300 protagonists can be explored via a surname search, or using the growing list developing here.âD3B8AB
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Hubert Dreyfus
Hubert DreyfusâArguments advanced by Hubert Dreyfus.âD3B8AB
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Canât recognise similarities between whole images »
Canât recognise similarities between whole images
Canât recognise similarities between whole imagesâHumans directly recognise similarities between images. Computers, by contrast, must compare images by assigning features to them and then comparing those features using some objective criterion.âFFFACD
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Need images to be transformed into descriptions »
Need images to be transformed into descriptions
Need images to be transformed into descriptionsâIf a computer is going to make inferences from an image, then the image must first be decomposed into a list of facts. Humans are not constrained in this way; they can work directly with images.âFFFACD
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Gestalt recognition is impossible for computers »
Gestalt recognition is impossible for computers
Gestalt recognition is impossible for computersâGestalt recognition involves the immediate comprehension of a pattern as a unified whole. Computers can only sequentially process the components of a pattern; they cant recognize Gestalt wholes.âFFFACD
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Connectionist computers lack commonsense »
Connectionist computers lack commonsense
Connectionist computers lack commonsenseâConnectionist networks are unable to make generalisations and classifications in the way human beings do, because they lack our commonsense understanding of the world.âFFFACD
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Computers never move beyond explicit rules »
Computers never move beyond explicit rules
Computers never move beyond explicit rulesâIn acquiring skills humans initially use explicit rules and then advance through stages in which performance becomes increasingly skilled, fluid and habituated. At the highest level the rules are no longer consulted. Computers stay tied to rules.âFFFACD
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The body is essential to human intelligence »
The body is essential to human intelligence
The body is essential to human intelligenceâPossession of a body is essential to human reasoning, pattern recognition, and interaction. Understanding what a chair is, for example, presupposes knowledge of how the body sits, bends fatigues etc.âFFFACD
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Madeleine has bodily and imaginative skills »
Madeleine has bodily and imaginative skills
Madeleine has bodily and imaginative skillsâThe claim that Madeleine acquired common sense solely from books ignores the fact that Madeleine has a body with an inside and outside, can be moved around in the world, and can communicate with others and imagine how they encounter the world.âFFFACD
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Collins's understanding of Madeleine is science fiction »
Collins's understanding of Madeleine is science fiction
Collins's understanding of Madeleine is science fictionâMadeleine was nothing like an immobile box. In crawling, kicking, balancing, overcoming obstacles, finding optimal distances for listening etc, Madeleine had enough of a body structure to allow her to be socialized to the human world.âFFFACD
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Brute-force is not how humans play chess »
Brute-force is not how humans play chess
Brute-force is not how humans play chessâDreyfus is arguing that brute-force techniques such as heuristic search are not psychologically realisticânot that brute-force techniques cant play chess effectively.âFFFACD
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Heuristic search is inconsistent with human phenomenology »
Heuristic search is inconsistent with human phenomenology
Heuristic search is inconsistent with human phenomenologyâHuman experts play chess by zeroing in on relevant moves in fringe consiciousness rather than by iterating through a list of possiblities.âFFFACD
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Humans zero-in on information in fringe consciousness »
Humans zero-in on information in fringe consciousness
Humans zero-in on information in fringe consciousnessâThe fringes of consciousness provide marginal awareness of background informationâfor example the experience of the front of a house is fringed by an awareness of the back of the house.âFFFACD
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Humans see chess board as a Gestalt whole »
Humans see chess board as a Gestalt whole
Humans see chess board as a Gestalt wholeâHumans see a chess board as an organized pattern or Gestalt. Any move is part of the unfolding Gestalt patternâand chess masters use pattern recognition to zero in on unprotected pieces and promising areas for attack or defence.âFFFACD
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Trail and Error different from essential discrimination »
Trail and Error different from essential discrimination
Trail and Error different from essential discriminationâHumans can intuitively grasp whats essential or inessential about a problem and zero in on it. Symbol systems lack the capacity for essential discrimination and proceed blindly by brute-force trail and error.âFFFACD
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Combinatorial explosion of knowledge »
Combinatorial explosion of knowledge
Combinatorial explosion of knowledgeâRepresenting all of the information relevant to an open-ended domain, or to human commonsense understanding in general, is an impossible task, because it results in a combinatorial explosion of relevant information.âFFFACD
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Creative discoveries restructure knowledge »
Creative discoveries restructure knowledge
Creative discoveries restructure knowledgeâHuman knowledge is subject to radical restructuring on the basis of creative discoveries which can alter a persons enitre understanding of the world. Such fundamental shifts can take place at personal, conceptual and cultural levels.âFFFACD
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Kierkegaard's Leap »
Kierkegaard's Leap
Kierkegaard's LeapâThere are times when a person makes a leap to a new sphere of existence, which infuses his or her being with a new order of significance. Such leaps are so radical that afterwards we cannot imagine how life could ever have been otherwise.âFFFACD
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CYC inconsistent with phenomenology of coping »
CYC inconsistent with phenomenology of coping
CYC inconsistent with phenomenology of copingâCYC is inconsistent with the phenomenology of skilled coping -- and wont therefore be able to demonstrate commonsense.âFFFACD
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Humans behave in orderly manner without rules »
Humans behave in orderly manner without rules
Humans behave in orderly manner without rulesâHuman activity may be described by rules, but these rules are not necessarily followed in producing the activity.âFFFACD
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Explicit values can't organise a field of experience »
Explicit values can't organise a field of experience
Explicit values can't organise a field of experienceâHuman interest organises a field of experience that cant be captured by explicit goals and values. âFFFACD
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The Context Antinomy »
The Context Antinomy
The Context AntinomyâFor a machine to understand sentences in a natural language, it must place those sentences in a context. However, because machines use explicit bits of data they run up against an antinomy (described in detailed text). âFFFACD
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The critique of artificial reason »
The critique of artificial reason
The critique of artificial reasonâAI is the culmination of a flawed tradition in philosophy that tries to explain human reason in terms of explicit rules, symbols, and calculating procedures. But human activity and being differ from that of calculating machines like computers.âFFFACD
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Dreyfus issues a testable challenge »
Dreyfus issues a testable challenge
Dreyfus issues a testable challengeâFaced with Mary saw a dog in the window. She wanted it AI systems struggle to know whether it refers to the dog or window. Identifying what pronouns refer to in such sentences is the next problem logic-based AI should try to solve.âFFFACD
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Combinatorial explosion of knowledge »
Combinatorial explosion of knowledge
Combinatorial explosion of knowledgeâRepresenting all of the information relevant to an open-ended domain, or to human commonsense understanding in general, is an impossible task, because it results in a combinatorial explosion of relevant information. âFFFACD
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Entered by:-
David Price
NodeID:
#2785
Node type:
Protagonist
Entry date (GMT):
7/20/2007 6:20:00 PM
Last edit date (GMT):
7/20/2007 6:20:00 PM
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