"Lepawsky and several of his graduate students have already done field work in Dhaka, the capitol of Bangaladesh, and reached conclusions similar to those drawn by Katharina Kummer Peiry. "When we surveyed the people in this trade most of their imports were coming from elsewhere in Asia, principally China," Lepawsky said. "There are shipments that come from the United States to Bangladesh, but in terms of sheer number, they're in the middle to low end." Lepawsky and his students also found that most of the so-called e-waste shipped to Dhaka was being repaired, recycled or refurbished in some way, a business that presumably will disappear if a ban on exporting electronics is put in place."
Meta-Actor: Journalism
Source Document: https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/113654086/
Date: September 26, 2013
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Ingenthron disagrees with the definition of electronic equipment exported for repair as hazardous. He said those exports account for about 8% of the 13 million pounds Good Point processes, and provide a livelihood for Third World entrepreneurs.
Meta-Actor: Journalism
Source Document: http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/09/26/e-waste-empire-middlebury-vermont-discarded-electronics/2880359/
Date: September 26, 2013
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"While many of these reasons stand solid for African socio-economic status, an additional featured reason for the African situation is the salient poor and social vulnerable people who have no alternative employment opportunity to derive daily income. The piling up of e-waste gives the “scavengers” a means for making a living. It’s thus suggested that policy incentives should consider the potentials of informal sectors before introducing a parallel competition to informal sectors (Manhart, 2011a). Poverty eradication should thus be integrated into e-waste management strategies by African policy makers.
Meta-Actor: Scientific Community
Source Document: http://www.uns.ethz.ch/pub/publications/pdf/1975.pdf
Date: August 24, 2014
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"There was however considerable opposition from several developed nations, in particular from the US. Surprisingly, several developing countries were of the opinion that the Basel Ban unfairly deprived their fragile economies of economic benefits arising from the recovery of materials from hazardous wastes"
Meta-Actor: Government
Source Document: http://efface.eu/sites/default/files/EFFACE_Illegal%20shipment%20of%20e%20waste%20from%20the%20EU.pdf
Date: January 2015
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"Some consumers and businesses in developed countries feel that it is not their ethical responsibility to worry about the consequences of e-waste in developing nations, citing the economic impact of the industry in these regions. These opponents argue that informal e-cycling in areas of China and India creates job opportunities otherwise unavailable to local residents, similar to the economic effect of sweatshops in low income countries. They argue that waste stimulates the economy of those areas, although it may come at the expense of resident and environmental well-being."
Meta-Actor: Not-for-Profit
Source Document: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Lentis/Where_It_Goes:_Electronic_Waste_and_Salvage
Date: Unknown
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