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James McClelland
Protagonist
1
#2777
Arguments advanced by James McClelland.
CONTEXT
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Artificial Intelligence »
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial IntelligenceâA collaboratively editable version of Robert Horns brilliant and pioneering debate map Can Computers Think?âexploring 50 years of philosophical argument about the possibility of computer thought.âF1CEB7
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Protagonists »
Protagonists
ProtagonistsâThe contributions of over 300 protagonists can be explored via a surname search, or using the growing list developing here.âD3B8AB
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James McClelland
James McClellandâArguments advanced by James McClelland.âD3B8AB
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Regularity without rules »
Regularity without rules
Regularity without rules âConnectionist networks exhibit lawful behaviour without following explicit rules. Regularities emerge from the interactions of low-level processing units, rather than from the application of high-level rules.âFFFACD
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The Past-Tense Acquisition Model »
The Past-Tense Acquisition Model
The Past-Tense Acquisition ModelâThis implemented network model was trained to convert English phrases into the past tense. Although the networkâs performance can be described by rules, no actual rules are utilised in its processing.âFFFACD
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Multilayer perceptrons can compute all relevant functions »
Multilayer perceptrons can compute all relevant functions
Multilayer perceptrons can compute all relevant functionsâThe limitations described by Minsky & Papert dont apply to multilayer networks.âFFFACD
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Neurons recieve vastly more input »
Neurons recieve vastly more input
Neurons recieve vastly more inputâNeurons are connected to 1,000 to 100,000 other neurons. Logic gates are connected to only a handful of other logic gates. The difference indicates that the brain does not use the king of logical circuitary found in computers.âFFFACD
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Brain accesses information by content not memory address »
Brain accesses information by content not memory address
Brain accesses information by content not memory addressâHumans rapidly access memories via their contents; eg presidential memories are accessed by information about the presidentâname, face etcânot by an explicit address. Connectionist networks and  brains have content addressable memories of this type.âFFFACD
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Processing in the brain is distributed »
Processing in the brain is distributed
Processing in the brain is distributedâProcessing in the brain is not mediated by some central control. Neural processing is distributed -- i.e. many regions contribute to the performance of any particular task.âFFFACD
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Graceful degradation »
Graceful degradation
Graceful degradationâThe brains performance diminishes in proportion to the degree of neuronal damage or noisy input, and gracefully degrades in problematic circumstances. In von Neumann machines, a single glitch tends to have catastrophic consequences for the whole.âFFFACD
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The brain processes information in parallel »
The brain processes information in parallel
The brain processes information in parallelâVon Neumann machines process information sequentially, one bit at a time. The brain receives and manipulates massive amounts of information at the same time, in parallel.âFFFACD
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Explicit rules are unnecessary »
Explicit rules are unnecessary
Explicit rules are unnecessaryâConnectionist networks exhibit lawful behaviour without following explicit rules. Reguarlities emerge from the interactions of low-level processing units not from the application of high-level rules.âFFFACD
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James McClelland »
James McClelland
James McClellandâArguments advanced by James McClelland.âFFFACD
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Entered by:-
David Price
NodeID:
#2777
Node type:
Protagonist
Entry date (GMT):
7/20/2007 6:11:00 PM
Last edit date (GMT):
7/20/2007 6:11:00 PM
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