The representational tradition is flawed
Classical symbolic AI places too much emphasis on the role of representations in human intelligence. Acutal human thinking only becomes symbolic and representational when normal modes of cognition break down.
Future work in AI should concern itself with interactive design, task specific projects, and the role of computers as machines for facilitation of communication, rather than with representational symbol systems.

Terry Winograd & Fernando Flores (1987).

Note: Winograd and Flores are influenced by Dreyfus's approach. See sidebar "Postulates of Dreideggereanism" on this map and "The Critique of Artificial Reason" in Box 76.
Immediately related elementsHow this works
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Artificial Intelligence »Artificial Intelligence
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Can computers think? [1] »Can computers think? [1]
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Yes: physical symbol systems can think [3] »Yes: physical symbol systems can think [3]
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The Representationalist Assumption »The Representationalist Assumption
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The representational tradition is flawed
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Biological action is situated »Biological action is situated
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Representations aren't involved in concernful activity »Representations aren't involved in concernful activity
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The Situated Action Paradigm »The Situated Action Paradigm
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