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| Many individuals are consuming more energy than they are expending Why1 #352400 Public Health England estimates that the average man in England is consuming around 300 calories a day more than they would need were they a healthy body weight. | |
+Citavimą (3) - CitavimąPridėti citatąList by: CiterankMapLink[1] Overcoming policy cacophony on obesity: an ecological public health framework for policymakers
Cituoja: Tim Lang, Geoff Rayner
Publication info: 2007, Obesity Reviews 8 (Suppl. 1): 165.
Cituojamas: David Price 9:04 AM 8 September 2014 GMT
Citerank: (21) 348675Adopt a whole systems approach to obesityTackling obesity effectively—accomplishing a population wide-shift—requires a comprehensive and integrated whole systems approach, involving a range of measures focusing on individuals, social and other systems, including at the local and community level, and on the interrelated physical, physiological, social and cognitive factors that determine health outcomes.565CA4D9, 348693Stakeholders – Groups & ActionsExplore the map via the different stakeholder groups and the measures each group can take to help tackle the obesity crisis.58D3ABAB, 348702Individuals and FamiliesThe actions and choices of individuals and families are fundamental to the challenge of tackling obesity. 84E4A378, 348703Actions – Industry2794CAE1, 348780Causes of obesityUnderstanding the causes of obesity is critical to the success of prevention and treatment strategies. However, while (simply put) obesity occurs when energy intake from food and drink consumption is greater than energy expenditure through the body’s metabolism and physical activity over a prolonged period (resulting in the accumulation of excess body fat), in reality many complex behavioural and societal factors contribute systemically to the current crisis and no single influence dominates.555CD992, 352281Changes required across many different policy areasObesity has to be seen as not just a technical, food, physical activity or healthcare problem but a challenge for what sort of society is being built. Small, incremental, publicity-driven (i.e. social market-based) changes might suit the existing balance of policy interests, but a more extensive, co-ordinated, cross-sectoral action would be more effective.1198CE71, 352314Actions – Central Government2794CAE1, 352387Previous physical activities replaced by industrially generated energyIndustrial development allows many different aspects of life that previously involved daily physical activity to be accomplished through industrially generated energy instead; for example, the substitution of motorised transport for walking and cycling, a shift from manual and agricultural work towards office work, and a multitude of labour saving devices at work and in the home.555CD992, 352388Advertising and marketing reinforce new eating patterns Marketing and advertising instil and reinforce new cultural norms about what (e.g. fast food) and how to eat (e.g. snacking), and how much (e.g. larger portions) to eat.555CD992, 352389Reluctance to talk about and address implications of own weightThe weight of the population continues to rise despite media imagery of thin models encouraging a slim ideal that is far out of reach for most of the public. In this context, “Fat” remains an emotive and stigmatic subject – and often perceived as an insult – which makes it harder for people to acknowledge, confront and address their own obesity (and harder for others including health professionals to encourage them to do so too).555CD992, 352391Industrial development changes what and how people eatEconomic and industrial development has tended to be accompanied by a historic shift in patterns of food consumption from diets high in cereal and fibre to diets high in sugars, fat, animal-source food and highly-processed foods – creating a socio-cultural environment in which obesity is more likely to emerge in the population.555CD992, 352399Successive governments have made counterproductive policy choicesThe growing prevalence of obesity in the UK is partly the result of well-intentioned but counterproductive policy choices made by successive governments over several decades.555CD992, 399547Adopt a whole systems approach to obesityTackling obesity effectively—accomplishing a population wide-shift—requires a comprehensive and integrated whole systems approach, involving a range of measures focusing on individuals, social and other systems, including at the local and community level, and on the interrelated physical, physiological, social and cognitive factors that determine health outcomes.565CA4D9, 399558Changes required across many different policy areasObesity has to be seen as not just a technical, food, physical activity or healthcare problem but a challenge for what sort of society is being built. Small, incremental, publicity-driven (i.e. social market-based) changes might suit the existing balance of policy interests, but a more extensive, co-ordinated, cross-sectoral action would be more effective.1198CE71, 399887Causes of obesityUnderstanding the causes of obesity is critical to the success of prevention and treatment strategies. However, while (simply put) obesity occurs when energy intake from food and drink consumption is greater than energy expenditure through the body’s metabolism and physical activity over a prolonged period (resulting in the accumulation of excess body fat), in reality many complex behavioural and societal factors contribute systemically to the current crisis and no single influence dominates.555CD992, 399890Successive governments have made counterproductive policy choicesThe growing prevalence of obesity in the UK is partly the result of well-intentioned but counterproductive policy choices made by successive governments over several decades.555CD992, 399891Many individuals are consuming more energy than they are expendingPublic Health England estimates that the average man in England is consuming around 300 calories a day more than they would need were they a healthy body weight.555CD992, 399896Industrial development changes what and how people eatEconomic and industrial development has tended to be accompanied by a historic shift in patterns of food consumption from diets high in cereal and fibre to diets high in sugars, fat, animal-source food and highly-processed foods – creating a socio-cultural environment in which obesity is more likely to emerge in the population.555CD992, 399907Reluctance to talk about and address implications of own weightThe weight of the population continues to rise despite media imagery of thin models encouraging a slim ideal that is far out of reach for most of the public. In this context, “Fat” remains an emotive and stigmatic subject – and often perceived as an insult – which makes it harder for people to acknowledge, confront and address their own obesity (and harder for others including health professionals to encourage them to do so too).555CD992, 399917Advertising and marketing reinforce new eating patterns Marketing and advertising instil and reinforce new cultural norms about what (e.g. fast food) and how to eat (e.g. snacking), and how much (e.g. larger portions) to eat.555CD992, 399923Previous physical activities replaced by industrially generated energyIndustrial development allows many different aspects of life that previously involved daily physical activity to be accomplished through industrially generated energy instead; for example, the substitution of motorised transport for walking and cycling, a shift from manual and agricultural work towards office work, and a multitude of labour saving devices at work and in the home.555CD992 URL:
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Link[3] Sugar Reduction: Responding to the challenge
Cituoja: Alison Tedstone, Sally Anderson, Rachel Allen - Public Health England
Publication info: 2014 June
Cituojamas: David Price 11:42 PM 4 January 2015 GMT
Citerank: (13) 348691A healthier dietEncourage people to eat a healthier diet – and to be more health-discerning about when, how often, and what to eat.565CA4D9, 351120The addictiveness of sugarSome companies are harnessing the addictiveness of sugar for commercial benefit and to the detriment of public health. Emerging science on the addictiveness and toxicity of sugar, especially when combined with the known addictive properties of caffeine found in many sugary beverages, points to a large-scale public health threat similar to addictiveness and harmful impacts of tobacco products.62C78C9A, 351718Consuming too much sugarMany people are eating more sugar than they should. Current intakes of sugar for all population groups exceed recommendations set by the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA) for the UK in 1991 (which recommended that, on a population basis, no more than 10% of the average total energy intake should be consumed as sugar). Energy dense diets, such as those that are high in sugar, can lead to an excess calorie intake (which, if sustained, leads to weight gain and obesity).555CD992, 352457Public Health Responsibility DealThe Public Health Responsibility Deal aims to tap into the potential for businesses and other influential organisations to make a significant contribution to improving public health by helping us to create this environment. The Responsibility Deal embodies the Government’s ambition for a more collaborative approach to tackling the challenges caused by our lifestyle choices.62C78C9A, 352522Calorie consumptionPublic Health England estimates that the average man in England is consuming around 300 calories a day more than they would need were they a healthy body weight.555CD992, 368236SugarDefinitions of sugar vary. For the purposes of the PHE paper cited, the term ‘sugar’ includes all sugars outside the cellular structure in foods and drinks excluding those naturally present in dairy products. This includes sugar added to foods, plus the sugar in fruit juice and honey. It does not include the sugars naturally present in intact fruit and vegetables or dairy products.82AECCD8, 399669A healthier dietEncourage people to eat a healthier diet – and to be more health-discerning about when, how often, and what to eat.565CA4D9, 399705Public Health Responsibility DealThe Public Health Responsibility Deal aims to tap into the potential for businesses and other influential organisations to make a significant contribution to improving public health by helping us to create this environment. The Responsibility Deal embodies the Government’s ambition for a more collaborative approach to tackling the challenges caused by our lifestyle choices.62C78C9A, 399891Many individuals are consuming more energy than they are expendingPublic Health England estimates that the average man in England is consuming around 300 calories a day more than they would need were they a healthy body weight.555CD992, 399909Calorie consumptionPublic Health England estimates that the average man in England is consuming around 300 calories a day more than they would need were they a healthy body weight.555CD992, 399934Consuming too much sugarMany people are eating more sugar than they should. Current intakes of sugar for all population groups exceed recommendations set by the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA) for the UK in 1991 (which recommended that, on a population basis, no more than 10% of the average total energy intake should be consumed as sugar). Energy dense diets, such as those that are high in sugar, can lead to an excess calorie intake (which, if sustained, leads to weight gain and obesity).555CD992, 399946The addictiveness of sugarSome companies are harnessing the addictiveness of sugar for commercial benefit and to the detriment of public health. Emerging science on the addictiveness and toxicity of sugar, especially when combined with the known addictive properties of caffeine found in many sugary beverages, points to a large-scale public health threat similar to addictiveness and harmful impacts of tobacco products.62C78C9A, 399960SugarDefinitions of sugar vary. For the purposes of the PHE paper cited, the term ‘sugar’ includes all sugars outside the cellular structure in foods and drinks excluding those naturally present in dairy products. This includes sugar added to foods, plus the sugar in fruit juice and honey. It does not include the sugars naturally present in intact fruit and vegetables or dairy products.82AECCD8 URL:
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