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Wikipedia Protagonistas1 #115286

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The Arrow of Time »The Arrow of Time The Arrow of Time ☜A map exploring some issues concerning the nature of time that lie at the boundary of physics and philosophy. The map follows up a talk to the Blackheath Philosophy Forum on 2 April 2011 by Huw Price, Professor of Philosophy and director of the Center for Time at Sydney University.☜F1CEB7

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Protagonists »ProtagonistsProtagonists☜A number of philosophers and scientists are cited in this map, and separate nodes for each are appended. When you click on one of these nodes cross-links are displayed connecting to other nodes anywhere in the map where the person is cited. Follow the links to explore further.☜D3B8AB

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Others »OthersOthers☜☜D3B8AB

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WikipediaWikipedia☜☜D3B8AB

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Real but agent-relative »Real but agent-relativeReal but agent-relative☜The present for each observer is what each perceives directly, rather than remembers or anticipates. The present is written to the memory of an observer - added to the stock of past memories, following the preceding ones in temporal succession. The present is real but agent-relative.☜FFFACD

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A 'just-so' story »A 'just-so' storyA 'just-so' story☜To claim that tensed beliefs are an evolutionary adaption is an example of a just-so story: an unverifiable narrative account purporting to explain some observed phenomenon.☜FFFACD

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Landauer's Principle »Landauer's PrincipleLandauer's Principle☜Any logically irreversible manipulation of information, such as the erasure of a bit or the merging of two computation paths, must be accompanied by a corresponding entropy increase in non-information bearing degrees of freedom of the information processing apparatus or its environment.☜FFFACD

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The thermodynamic arrow »The thermodynamic arrowThe thermodynamic arrow☜The Second Law of Thermodynamics implies an arrow of time in the sense that the entropy (or disorder) of an isolated system such as the whole universe never decreases - it either increases or remains constant.☜FFFACD

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Loschmidt's paradox »Loschmidt's paradoxLoschmidt's paradox☜In 1876 Loschmidt objected to the H-theorem on the ground that it should not be possible to deduce a time-irreversible process from time-symmetric dynamics. This was because for every path in a system that leads to an increase in entropy there is a reverse path that reduces it.☜FFFACD

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Proof of the H-theorem »Proof of the H-theoremProof of the H-theorem☜☜FFFACD

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Maxwell's demon objection »Maxwell's demon objectionMaxwell's demon objection☜Maxwells demon is a thought experiment that shows how the Second Law can be violated. Take a container divided into two parts containing gas, and imagine that the demon controls a gate between the two only allowing hot molecules to go into one compartment, leading to increased entropy.☜FFFACD

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Need to take account of information »Need to take account of informationNeed to take account of information☜The Second Law is not violated provided account is taken of the entropy of the whole system - including the energy expended by the demon in gathering the required information.☜FFFACD

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Why low entropy in the past? »Why low entropy in the past?Why low entropy in the past?☜How do we account for the low entropy of the early universe reflected in the extreme - but not perfect - homogeneity of the distribution of matter and energy shortly after the Big Bang? When gravity is prominent - as in the early universe - a smooth distribution is unstable and of low entropy.☜FFFACD

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Anthropic selection »Anthropic selectionAnthropic selection☜Several explanations have been offered that rely on (weak) anthropic selection to explain the low entropy past. They all note that conscious observers can only exist in an environment far from thermodynamic equilibrium, but differ on how the we came to be in such a state.☜FFFACD

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Objections to Popper »Objections to PopperObjections to Popper☜Many contemporary philosophers and scientists reject Poppers falsifiability test - see citation for some instances.☜FFFACD

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Redagavo: Peter Baldwin
NodeID: #115286
Node type: Protagonist
Įvedimo data (GMT): 8/12/2011 6:47:00 AM
Paskutinės redakcijos data (GMT laikas): 8/12/2011 6:47:00 AM
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