A structure where two entities which would be in a synergistic growth relationship end up limiting each others results because of their own activities.

One or more 'limits to growth' factors. Balancing loops that come to hinder a reinforcing loop.

More archetypes

"PDCA (plan–do–check–act or plan–do–check–adjust) is an iterative four-step management method used in business for the control and continuous improvement of processes and products. It is also known as the Deming circle/cycle/wheel, Shewhart cycle, control circle/cycle, or plan–do–study–act (PDSA). "

Peter Principle -- one is promoted until duties exceed one's competence

1969 book The Peter Principle: Why Things Always Go Wrong by Laurence J. Peter

Control Theory in sociology is the idea that two control systems—inner controls and outer controls—work against our tendencies to deviate. Control Theory can either be classified as centralized or decentralized or neither. Decentralized control is considered market control. Centralized control is considered bureaucratic control. Some types of control such as clan control are considered to be a mixture of both decentralized and centralized control.

Customer feedback management (CFM) online services are web applications that allow businesses to manage user suggestions and complaints in a structured fashion. A 2011 study conducted by Aberdeen Group showed that companies using customer feedback management services and social media monitoring have a 15% better customer retention rate.

Too often systems fail, sometimes leading to significant loss of life, fortunes and confidence in the provider of a product or service. It was determined that a simple and useful tool was needed to help in the analysis of interactions of groups and systems to determine possible unexpected consequences. The tool didn’t need to provide every possible outcome of the interactions but needed to provide a means for analysts and product/service development stakeholders to evaluate the potential risks associated with implementing new functionality in a system. They needed a brainstorming tool to help ascertain if a concept was viable from a business perspective. The control–feedback–abort loop and the analysis diagram is one such tool that has helped organizations analyze their system workflows and workflow exceptions.

Education

In the majority of universities, teachers decide learning objectives and feedbacks to students.

Types of reinforcement / Reinforcement Example

Confirmation Your answer was correct.
Corrective Your answer was incorrect. The correct answer was Jefferson.
Explanatory Your answer was incorrect because Carter was from Georgia; only
Jefferson called Virginia home.
Diagnostic Your answer was incorrect. Extra instruction on the home states of
past presidents might be helpful.
Elaborative Your answer, Jefferson, was correct. The University of Virginia, a
campus rich with Jeffersonian architecture and writings, is sometimes
referred to as "Mr. Jefferson's University".

A different application of feedback in education is the system for "continuous improvement" of engineering curricula monitored by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET).

Examples of feedback in organizations:

Financial audit
Performance appraisal
Shareholders' meeting
Marketing research
360-degree feedback
Walkout
Lockout

In Psychology

One application of feedback in psychology, education, and organizations is feedback intervention; defined as "actions taken by (an) external agent(s) to provide information regarding some aspect(s) of one's task performance."[38] Despite common beliefs that such feedback is typically effective, Kluger & DeNisi (1996) reported a meta-analysis that showed that in 38% of the experiments published between 1905 and 1992, feedback caused a decline in performance.[38] Moreover, the decline in performance was not related to whether the feedback was positive or negative (i.e., encouraging or critical). This result was explained with Higgins' self-discrepancy theory. Specifically, positive feedback seems to improve motivation and performance when people are promotion-focused (doing things out of a desire; working on a task requiring creativity.) Whereas negative feedback improves performance when people are prevention-focused (doing things out of an obligation; working on a task requiring vigilance.)

System dynamics is an approach to understanding the behaviour of complex systems over time. It deals with internal feedback loops and time delays that affect the behaviour of the entire system.[1] What makes using system dynamics different from other approaches to studying complex systems is the use of feedback loops and stocks and flows. These elements help describe how even seemingly simple systems display baffling nonlinearity.

Causal loop diagrams
https://upload.wikimed...

In the system dynamics methodology, a problem or a system (e.g., ecosystem, political system or mechanical system) is first represented as a causal loop diagram.[4] A causal loop diagram is a simple map of a system with all its constituent components and their interactions. By capturing interactions and consequently the feedback loops (see figure below), a causal loop diagram reveals the structure of a system. By understanding the structure of a system, it becomes possible to ascertain a system’s behavior over a certain time period

[There are many more topics, equations, feedback diagrams, etc. in this article. ]