8 Principles for Managing a Commons
Elinor Ostrom identifies 8 principles for how commons can be governed sustainably and equitably in a community.

Source: Kate Raworth (via Twitter)
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Planet Under Pressure Â»Planet Under Pressure
2. Options and opportunities Â»2. Options and opportunities
8 Principles for Managing a Commons
1. Define clear group boundaries Â»1. Define clear group boundaries
2. Matching rules to local needs and conditions Â»2. Matching rules to local needs and conditions
3. Those affected by rules participate in modifying the rules Â»3. Those affected by rules participate in modifying the rules
4. Outside authorities respect community's rule-making rights Â»4. Outside authorities respect community's rule-making rights
5. Community members monitor members’ behavior Â»5. Community members monitor members’ behavior
6. Use graduated sanctions for rule violators Â»6. Use graduated sanctions for rule violators
7. Provide accessible, low-cost means for dispute resolution Â»7. Provide accessible, low-cost means for dispute resolution
8. Build governance in nested tiers Â»8. Build governance in nested tiers
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