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Accelerator Elements Who1 #722515

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The Infinite Passport Glossary »The Infinite Passport GlossaryThe Infinite Passport Glossary☜Translated from the Passeport pour les deux infinis, IN2P3/Dunod, https://pass2i.ijclab.in2p3.fr/ (French); updated with ICHEP2024 conference (https://ichep2024.org) for IPPOG☜F1CEB7

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From Beams to Measurements »From Beams to MeasurementsFrom Beams to Measurements☜Scientists from institutes all over the world form experimental collaborations to build large and complex experiments and analyse the myriad of particles produced by collisions in the accelerator. ☜FFB597

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Particle Accelerators »Particle AcceleratorsParticle Accelerators☜A machine used to provide energy to charged particles (electrons, protons, ions, etc.). Electric fields accelerate the particles while magnetic fields steer and focus them. The higher the targeted energies, the bigger the accelerator – its length can reach several kilometers, even tens of kilometers today.☜9FDDBE

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Accelerator ElementsAccelerator Elements☜☜D3ABAB

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Accelerating Cavity »Accelerating CavityAccelerating Cavity☜A device that produces the electric field accelerating the particles inside accelerators. As the electric field oscillates at radio frequency, accelerating cavities are also referred to as radio-frequency cavities.☜5CA4D9

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Bunch »BunchBunch☜Particles in a collider do not circulate as a continuous flow, they are gathered in very dense bunches that are separated by vacuum. As an example, in fall 2015, approx. 2,200 bunches of more than 100 billion protons each travel in the LHC. ☜5CA4D9

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Dipole »DipoleDipole☜A magnet with two poles, like the north and south poles of a permanent horseshoe magnet. Dipoles are used in particle accelerators to bend charged particles trajectories and keep them moving on a circular orbit. ☜5CA4D9

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Quadrupole »QuadrupoleQuadrupole☜A magnet with four poles, used to focus particle beams rather as glass lenses focus light. There are 392 main quadrupoles in the LHC.☜5CA4D9

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Superconducting Cavity »Superconducting CavitySuperconducting Cavity☜Schematically, metallic tubes connected to a very powerful electric energy generator which contain the intense electric fields that accelerate beams. While the cavities originally used ordinary conducting materials (e.g. copper), new cavities have been designed with supraconducting materials which offer no electric resistance but require very low temperature cooling systems for the supraconducting effects of the materials to manifest.☜5CA4D9

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Superconductivity »SuperconductivitySuperconductivity☜A property of some materials, initially discovered at very low temperatures, that allows them to carry electricity without resistance. The absence of Joule effect loss is used to run powerful currents and, for instance, create very strong magnetic fields. Current research and development focus on high-temperature superconductors, discovered in 1986, that can be cooled with less expensive systems. ☜5CA4D9

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Vacuum »VacuumVacuum☜In physics, there is no such thing as absolute vacuum: a given volume, whatever its conditions, always contains molecules. The pressure of the residual gas is expressed in pascals (Pa) or in millibars (mbar). The atmosphere has a pressure of approx. 100,000 pascals (1 bar). In the LHC the Ultra-vacuum, corresponds to a pressure of 10-8 Pa; there remain 2 million molecules par cubic centimetre. By comparison, interstellar gases contain a few atoms per cubic centimetre.☜5CA4D9

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Entered by:- Claire Adam
NodeID: #722515
Node type: Who
Entry date (GMT): 8/1/2024 2:08:00 PM
Last edit date (GMT): 8/8/2024 10:46:00 AM
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