"the authors conclude that comprehensive EPR policy schemes of the kind that have been implemented in some advanced countries are not likely to be effective. The paper therefore proposes an alternative phase-in approach whereby developing Asian countries are able to move gradually towards EPR systems. It argues that this approach would be more feasible, and discusses what could be the key building blocks of each implementation stage."

Source: Akenji, L., Y. Hotta, M. Bengtsson, and S. Hayashi. 2011. ‘EPR Policies for Electronics in Developing Asia: An Adapted Phase-in Approach’. Waste Management and Research 29 (9): 919–30. doi:10.1177/0734242X11414458.