"For many products, environmentalists assume that reuse is environmentally beneficial because it replaces the manufacturing and purchase of new goods. However, on the contrary, manufacturers may oppose this type of reuse for the same reason. There is an urgent need to control the trans-boundary movement of electronic scrap especially to countries without established recycling facilities. Importations of secondhand electronics make such devices available to those who cannot afford new products. However, an international method of testing and certification is needed to ensure that exported secondhand devices are functional."

Source: Nnorom, I.C., O. Osibanjo, and S.O. Nnorom. 2007. ‘Achieving Resource Conservation in Electronic Waste Management: A Review of Options Available to Developing Countries’. Journal of Applied Sciences 7 (20): 2918–33.