Climate justice will be a growing theme for 2016 which will be reflected in debates about finance and loss and damage. Analysis by IIED has shown that the Least Developed Countries' climate action plans prepared for Paris would require $93.7 billion per year to implement from 2020 to 2030. 

These are the countries that will find it hardest to attract private investment at scale. This means that public climate finance will need to both increase and improve its targeting in order to make adequate global progress.

Loss and damage from climate change will also be important. Loss and damage refers to impacts it is not reasonable to expect people or communities to 'adapt' to (loss can refer to cultures, habitats, lives or species; damage refers to something that can be repaired – a road or a building for example). This has been an area of huge contention.

The Warsaw International Mechanism set up to explore loss and damage reports back to the UNFCCC at the Marrakech COP in November 2016, so the debate is bound to evolve over the course of the year.