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| Increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease What1 #352355 The term ‘non-alcoholic fatty liver disease’ (NAFLD) refers to a range of conditions resulting from the accumulation of fat in cells inside the liver. It is one of the commonest forms of liver disease in the UK. If left untreated, it may progress to severe forms such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis. It has also been linked to liver cancer. | - Obesity is an important risk factor for the condition: over 66% of overweight people, and over 90% of obese individuals are at risk of NAFLD.
- As levels of obesity have risen, so has the prevalence of NAFLD. There is a lack of high quality data related to the prevalence of NAFLD in the UK. This is due to a number of factors including variations in diagnostic criteria, the invasive nature of diagnosis, and the lack of symptoms in people with mild forms of the condition.
- Approaches to tackling the condition focus on weight reduction through a combination of diet and physical activity, but there is no specific evidence-based treatment for NAFLD.
- Scientific understanding of the condition is limited, and there is a lack of high quality data on it. The impact of rising obesity levels on the prevalence and severity of NAFLD is not known, nor are the natural history or optimal management of the condition. There is a lack of scientific consensus on just how significant a threat to health NAFLD presents. In order to explore these issues in more detail we held an initial expert workshop in October 2013, and are continuing to develop this work in PHE and with external partners.
- Improvements in outcomes from NAFLD will require better data collection through primary and secondary care, death certification, and transplant registers, as well as research into the causes and treatment of the condition.
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+Citations (2) - CitationsAdd new citationList by: CiterankMapLink[1] Health risks of adult obesity
Author: Public Health England – Obesity
Cited by: David Price 9:36 PM 7 December 2014 GMT
Citerank: (21) 348776A profound impact on the health of the populationObesity is responsible for more than 9,000 premature deaths each year in England, reduces life expectancy on average by nine years, and is a major risk factor in wide range of serious health problems including Type 2 diabetes (5 x), cancer (3 x the risk of colon cancer), and heart disease (2.5 x).57DE7179, 351181Increased risk of several cancersThe risk of several cancers is higher in obese people, including endometrial, breast and colon cancers. BMI is associated with cancer risk, with substantial population-level effects (although the heterogeneity in the effects suggests that different mechanisms are associated with different cancer sites and different patient subgroups).57DE7179, 352344Increased risk of musculoskeletal disabilityRaised body weight puts strain on the body's joints, especially the knees, increasing the risk of osteoarthritis (degeneration of cartilage and underlying bone within a joint). There is also an increased risk of low back pain.57DE7179, 352349Increased risk of heart diseaseRaised BMI increases the risk of hypertension (high blood pressure), which is itself a risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke and can contribute to other conditions such as renal failure. The risk of coronary heart disease (including heart attacks and heart failure) and stroke are both substantially increased. Risks of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are also increased.57DE7179, 352351Increased risk of Type 2 diabetes Obesity substantially raises the risk of Type 2 diabetes—with excess body fat estimated to underlie almost two-thirds of cases of diabetes in men and three quarters of cases in women—and people at risk of diabetes can cut their chances of getting diabetes by 60% if they lose between 5% and 7% of their body weight. Worldwide, the number of people with diabetes has tripled since 1985. [2]57DE7179, 352353Increased risk of reproductive and urological problemsObesity is associated with greater risk of stress incontinence in women. Obese women are at greater risk of menstrual abnormalities, polycystic ovarian syndrome and infertility. Obese men are at higher risk of erectile dysfunction. Maternal obesity is associated with health risks for both the mother and the child and after pregnancy.57DE7179, 352354Increased risk of sleep apnoea and asthmaOverweight and obese people are at increased risk of sleep apnoea (interruptions to breathing while asleep) and other respiratory problems such as asthma.57DE7179, 352356Increased risk of gastrointestinal diseaseObesity is associated with: increased risk of gastro-oesophageal reflux and increased risk of gall stones.57DE7179, 352357Increased risk of psychological and social problemsThere are bi-directional associations between mental health problems and obesity, with levels of obesity, gender, age and socioeconomic status being key risk factors. Overweight and obese people can suffer from stress, low self-esteem, social disadvantage, depression and reduced libido.57DE7179, 3523581 in 5 UK children aged 10-11 are obeseThe National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) figures for 2013/14, show that 19.1% of children in Year 6 (aged 10-11) were obese and a further 14.4% were overweight. Obese children and adolescents are at an increased risk of developing various health problems—such as asthma, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (as well as low self-esteem and depression)—and are also more likely to become obese adults.648CC79C, 399974A profound impact on the health of the populationObesity is responsible for more than 9,000 premature deaths each year in England, reduces life expectancy on average by nine years, and is a major risk factor in wide range of serious health problems including Type 2 diabetes (5 x), cancer (3 x the risk of colon cancer), and heart disease (2.5 x).57DE7179, 3999751 in 5 UK children aged 10-11 are obeseThe National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) figures for 2013/14, show that 19.1% of children in Year 6 (aged 10-11) were obese and a further 14.4% were overweight. Obese children and adolescents are at an increased risk of developing various health problems—such as asthma, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (as well as low self-esteem and depression)—and are also more likely to become obese adults.648CC79C, 399983Increased risk of several cancersThe risk of several cancers is higher in obese people, including endometrial, breast and colon cancers. BMI is associated with cancer risk, with substantial population-level effects (although the heterogeneity in the effects suggests that different mechanisms are associated with different cancer sites and different patient subgroups).57DE7179, 399985Increased risk of musculoskeletal disabilityRaised body weight puts strain on the body's joints, especially the knees, increasing the risk of osteoarthritis (degeneration of cartilage and underlying bone within a joint). There is also an increased risk of low back pain.57DE7179, 399986Increased risk of heart diseaseRaised BMI increases the risk of hypertension (high blood pressure), which is itself a risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke and can contribute to other conditions such as renal failure. The risk of coronary heart disease (including heart attacks and heart failure) and stroke are both substantially increased. Risks of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are also increased.57DE7179, 399987Increased risk of Type 2 diabetes Obesity substantially raises the risk of Type 2 diabetes—with excess body fat estimated to underly almost two-thirds of cases of diabetes in men and three quarters of cases in women—and people at risk of diabetes can cut their chances of getting diabetes by 60% if they lose between 5% and 7% of their body weight. Worldwide, the number of people with diabetes has tripled since 1985.57DE7179, 399988Increased risk of reproductive and urological problemsObesity is associated with greater risk of stress incontinence in women. Obese women are at greater risk of menstrual abnormalities, polycystic ovarian syndrome and infertility. Obese men are at higher risk of erectile dysfunction. Maternal obesity is associated with health risks for both the mother and the child and after pregnancy.57DE7179, 399989Increased risk of sleep apnoea and asthmaOverweight and obese people are at increased risk of sleep apnoea (interruptions to breathing while asleep) and other respiratory problems such as asthma.57DE7179, 399990Increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseThe term ‘non-alcoholic fatty liver disease’ (NAFLD) refers to a range of conditions resulting from the accumulation of fat in cells inside the liver. It is one of the commonest forms of liver disease in the UK. If left untreated, it may progress to severe forms such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis. It has also been linked to liver cancer. 57DE7179, 399991Increased risk of gastrointestinal diseaseObesity is associated with: increased risk of gastro-oesophageal reflux and increased risk of gall stones.57DE7179, 399992Increased risk of psychological and social problemsThere are bi-directional associations between mental health problems and obesity, with levels of obesity, gender, age and socioeconomic status being key risk factors. Overweight and obese people can suffer from stress, low self-esteem, social disadvantage, depression and reduced libido.57DE7179 URL:
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Link[2] Addressing liver disease in the UK: a blueprint for attaining excellence in health care and reducing premature mortality from lifestyle issues of excess consumption of alcohol, obesity, and viral hepatitis
Author: Roger Williams, Richard Aspinall, Mark Bellis, Ginette Camps-Walsh, Matthew Cramp, Anil Dhawan - James Ferguson, Dan Forton, Graham Foster, Sir Ian Gilmore, Matthew Hickman, Mark Hudson, Deirdre Kelly, Andrew Langford, Martin Lombard, Louise Longworth, Natasha Martin, Kieran Moriarty, Philip Newsome, John O'Grady, Rachel Pryke, Harry Rutter, Stephen Ryder, Nick Sheron, Tom Smith
Publication info: 2014 November, 26, The Lancet, Vol. 384, No. 9958, p1953–1997
Cited by: David Price 8:40 PM 27 December 2014 GMT
Citerank: (1) 399990Increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseThe term ‘non-alcoholic fatty liver disease’ (NAFLD) refers to a range of conditions resulting from the accumulation of fat in cells inside the liver. It is one of the commonest forms of liver disease in the UK. If left untreated, it may progress to severe forms such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis. It has also been linked to liver cancer. 57DE7179
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