The present research explored the controversial
link between global self-esteem and externalizing
problems such as aggression, antisocial behavior, and
delinquency. In three studies, we found a robust relation
between low self-esteem and externalizing problems.

At least three distinct traditions in the social sciences posit a
link between low self-esteem and externalizing problems.
Rosenberg (1965) suggested that low self-esteem weakens ties
to society; according to social-bonding theory, weaker ties to
society decrease conformity to social norms and increase delinquency
(Hirschi, 1969). Humanistic psychologists such as
Rogers (e.g., 1961) have argued that a lack of unconditional
positive self-regard is linked to psychological problems, including
aggression. Finally, neo-Freudians also posit that low
self-regard motivates aggression.