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Objections to Popper
OpposingArgument
1
#107346
Many contemporary philosophers and scientists reject Popper's falsifiability test - see citation for some instances.
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The Arrow of Time »
The Arrow of Time
The Arrow of Time ☜A map exploring some issues concerning the nature of time that lie at the boundary of physics and philosophy. The map follows up a talk to the Blackheath Philosophy Forum on 2 April 2011 by Huw Price, Professor of Philosophy and director of the Center for Time at Sydney University.☜F1CEB7
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The physics of time »
The physics of time
The physics of time☜Is our subjective sense that time has a direction from past to future reflected in impersonal physical processes and laws? Is it better - from the impersonal viewpoint - to look asymmetries in time rather than a direction (to the future) of time?☜FFB597
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The thermodynamic arrow »
The thermodynamic arrow
The thermodynamic arrow☜The Second Law of Thermodynamics implies an arrow of time in the sense that the entropy (or disorder) of an isolated system such as the whole universe never decreases - it either increases or remains constant.☜59C6EF
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Why do we see an entropy gradient? »
Why do we see an entropy gradient?
Why do we see an entropy gradient?☜We find ourselves in an observable universe in which entropy increases consistently in one direction, thereby showing time asymmetry - an arrow of time. Yet the vast majority of underlying dynamical processes are time-symmetric. How to account for this? Two broad approaches are considered here.☜FFB597
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Asymmetric boundary condition »
Asymmetric boundary condition
Asymmetric boundary condition☜We see entropy increasing because: 1. An isolated system in a less than maximal entropy state will spontaneously evolve toward higher entropy. 2. We inhabit a universe (or part thereof) at less than maximal entropy. Both must be true for the explanation to work.☜59C6EF
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Past hypothesis »
Past hypothesis
Past hypothesis☜We inhabit a universe - or part thereof - characterized by a low-entropy past that has enabled the evolution of intelligent observers to occur. This together with Boltzmanns probabilistic argument (see sibling node) implies entropy will increase over time toward thermal equilibrium.☜9FDEF6
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Why low entropy in the past? »
Why low entropy in the past?
Why low entropy in the past?☜How do we account for the low entropy of the early universe reflected in the extreme - but not perfect - homogeneity of the distribution of matter and energy shortly after the Big Bang? When gravity is prominent - as in the early universe - a smooth distribution is unstable and of low entropy.☜FFB597
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Anthropic selection »
Anthropic selection
Anthropic selection☜Several explanations have been offered that rely on (weak) anthropic selection to explain the low entropy past. They all note that conscious observers can only exist in an environment far from thermodynamic equilibrium, but differ on how the we came to be in such a state.☜59C6EF
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Low entropy generators »
Low entropy generators
Low entropy generators☜In a universe/multiverse of large - possibly infinite - extent extremely improbable events can be expected to happen in at least some locations and times. Such events will include fluctuations into a low-entropy configuration. There are several hypotheses as to the nature of such fluctuations.☜9FDEF6
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Source of low-entropy states »
Source of low-entropy states
Source of low-entropy states☜What processes could give rise to the existence of regions of spacetime well away from thermodynamic equilibrium required in order for conscious observers to evolve? Several proposals are appended to this node☜FFB597
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Fluctuations in de Sitter space »
Fluctuations in de Sitter space
Fluctuations in de Sitter space☜Cosmologist Sean Carroll has proposed that low entropy may result from fluctuations in De Sitter space - a vacuum except for dark energy and the end point of expanding space time. Some fluctuations lead to cosmological inflation, giving rise to smooth low entropy baby universes - like ours.☜59C6EF
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Multiverse theories unscientific »
Multiverse theories unscientific
Multiverse theories unscientific☜Philosopher of science Karl Popper claimed that a theory is unscientific if it is unfalsifiable by observation or experiment. Since other universes in the multiverse are unobservable, their existence cannot be falsified or confirmed. Hence the theory is unscientific.☜EF597B
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Objections to Popper
Objections to Popper☜Many contemporary philosophers and scientists reject Poppers falsifiability test - see citation for some instances.☜EF597B
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+Citations (
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[1]
Objections to falsifiability test
Author:
Wikipedia
Cited by:
Peter Baldwin
7:07 AM 13 May 2011 GMT
URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiability#Contemporary_philosophers
Excerpt / Summary
"Many contemporary philosophers of science and analytic philosophers are strongly critical of Popper's philosophy of science[citation needed] . Popper's mistrust of inductive reasoning has led to claims that he misrepresents scientific practice. Among the professional philosophers of science, the Popperian view has never been seriously preferred to probabilistic induction, which is the mainstream account of scientific reasoning. Adherents of Popper speak with disrespect of "professional philosophy", for example W. W. Bartley:
Sir Karl Popper is not really a participant in the contemporary professional philosophical dialogue; quite the contrary, he has ruined that dialogue. If he is on the right track, then the majority of professional philosophers the world over have wasted or are wasting their intellectual careers. The gulf between Popper's way of doing philosophy and that of the bulk of contemporary professional philosophers is as great as that between astronomy and astrology.
Rafe Champion:
Popper's ideas have failed to convince the majority of professional philosophers because his theory of conjectural knowledge does not even pretend to provide positively justified foundations of belief. Nobody else does better, but they keep trying, like chemists still in search of the Philosopher's Stone or physicists trying to build perpetual motion machines.[5]
and David Miller:
What distinguishes science from all other human endeavours is that the accounts of the world that our best, mature sciences deliver are strongly supported by evidence and this evidence gives us the strongest reason to believe them.’ That anyway is what is said at the beginning of the advertisement for a recent conference on induction at a celebrated seat of learning in the UK. It shows how much critical rationalists still have to do to make known the message of Logik der Forschung concerning what empirical evidence is able to do and what it does."
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Node type:
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Entry date (GMT):
5/13/2011 7:05:00 AM
Last edit date (GMT):
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