comments
Respond
Comment on the article
Add a citation
Reply with an article
Start a new topic
Edit
Edit article
Delete article
Share
Invite
Link
Embed
Social media
Avatar
View
Graph
Explorer
Focus
Down
Load 1 level
Load 2 levels
Load 3 levels
Load 4 levels
Load all levels
All
Dagre
Focus
Down
Load 1 level
Load 2 levels
Load 3 levels
Load 4 level
Load all levels
All
Tree
SpaceTree
Focus
Expanding
Load 1 level
Load 2 levels
Load 3 levels
Down
All
Down
Radial
Focus
Expanding
Load 1 level
Load 2 levels
Load 3 levels
Down
All
Down
Box
Focus
Expanding
Down
Up
All
Down
Article ✓
Outline
Document
Down
All
Page
Canvas
Time
Timeline
Calendar
Updates
Subscribe to updates
Get updates
Past 24 hours
Past week
Past month
Past year
Pause updates
Contact us
P5+1
Germany joins the P5 countries in the current negociations with Teheran. Also called E3+3?
RELATED ARTICLES
Explain
⌅
Nuclear Politics
Nuclear Politics☜Since the Trinity test in New Mexico in 1945, Russia, the UK, France and China have joined the US as nuclear weapon states—with India, Pakistan, Israel and North Korea also thought to possess a nuclear weapons capability. Help us map the issues around civil and military nuclear proliferation.☜F1CEB7
⌃
Glossary
Glossary☜Use this area of the map to build a glossary of the key terms and concepts relating to nuclear proliferation.☜D3B8AB
■
P5+1
P5+1☜Germany joins the P5 countries in the current negociations with Teheran. Also called E3+3? ☜D3B8AB
□
13 steps
13 steps☜The 13 steps is a paragraph of the Final Document (agreed by consensus) of the 2000 NPT Review, providing a set of practical steps for the systematic and progressive efforts to implement Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.☜D3B8AB
□
Additional Protocol
Additional Protocol☜An agreement in which a state grants the IAEA expanded rights of access in order to provide assurance about possible undeclared activities.☜D3B8AB
□
Annex 2 States
Annex 2 States☜ “Annex 2” States are the states that must ratify the Treaty for the CTBT to enter into force. These 44 states are those that participated in the negotiation of the CTBT from 1994-1996 and that possessed nuclear power or research reactors at the time. ☜D3B8AB
□
Ballistic missile defence (BMD)
Ballistic missile defence (BMD)☜Missile systems designed to intercept an enemy’s ballistic missiles before they reach their target.☜D3B8AB
□
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)☜An international treaty prohibiting all nuclear test explosions. The UK was one of the first countries to sign and ratify, but 11 states still need to ratify it for it to enter into force.☜D3B8AB
□
Core deterrence
Core deterrence☜The threat of a nuclear-strategic response in response to a nuclear attack on the home country.☜D3B8AB
□
Deterrence
Deterrence☜The actions of a state or group of states to dissuade a potential adversary from initiating an attack or conflict by the threat of retaliation. Deterrence should credibly demonstrate to an adversary that the costs of an attack would be too great and would outweigh any potential gains.☜D3B8AB
□
E3+3
E3+3☜The group of countries working to address Iran’s nuclear programme, made up of China, France, Germany, Russia, the UK and the USA.☜D3B8AB
□
Extended deterrence
Extended deterrence☜The threat of a nuclear-strategic response in response to a nuclear attack on allied territories or troops. Through extended deterrence, also known as a nuclear umbrella, countries allied with a nuclear weapon state hope to deter or avoid nuclear attack or threat from other countries.☜D3B8AB
□
Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty (FMCT)
Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty (FMCT) ☜A Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty [FMCT] would strengthen nuclear non-proliferation norms by adding a binding international commitment to existing constraints on nuclear weapons-usable fissile material. The proposed treaty would ban the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons.☜D3B8AB
□
Horizontal proliferation
Horizontal proliferation☜The spread of weapons of mass destruction to states that have not previously possessed them.☜D3B8AB
□
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)☜Founded in 1957 and based in Vienna, Austria, the IAEA is an autonomous international organisation charged both with the control of nuclear technology to prevent nuclear weapons proliferation and the development of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.☜D3B8AB
□
Negative security assurances
Negative security assurances☜A pledge by a nuclear weapon state that it will not use nuclear weapons against a non-nuclear weapon state. Some states have policies that allow for the use of nuclear weapons if attacked with other WMD by a non-nuclear weapon state.☜D3B8AB
□
New Agenda Coalition
New Agenda Coalition☜The New Agenda Coalition (NAC), composed of Brazil, Egypt, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa, and Sweden, is a geographically dispersed group of middle power countries seeking to make progress on nuclear disarmament. In the 2000, NPT Review, it put together the 13 Steps agreement.☜D3B8AB
□
No First Use
No First Use☜A pledge on the part of a nuclear weapons state not to be the first party to use nuclear weapons in a conflict or crises. No-first-use guarantees may be made in unilateral statements, bilateral or multilateral agreements, or as part of a treaty creating a nuclear-weapons-free zone.☜D3B8AB
□
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)☜The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is an intergovernmental organization of states considering themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. As of 2009, it has 118 members and 17 observer countries.☜D3B8AB
□
Non-nuclear weapon state (NNWS)
Non-nuclear weapon state (NNWS)☜Under the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, these are states that had not detonated a nuclear device prior to January 1, 1967, (that is, all states other than the United States, the Soviet Union [now Russia], the United Kingdom, France, and China).☜D3B8AB
□
NPT Review Conference
NPT Review Conference☜A Review Conference is held every five years to review progress on implementing the NPT. The last Review Conference took place in New York City from 3–28 May 2010. The next Review Conference will be in 2015.☜D3B8AB
□
Nuclear fuel cycle
Nuclear fuel cycle☜The series of steps involved in supplying fuel for nuclear power reactors.☜D3B8AB
□
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), 1970
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), 1970☜Five states (China, France, Russia, the UK and the USA) which had already tested nuclear weapons joined the NPT as ‘nuclear-weapon states’.☜D3B8AB
□
Nuclear posture review (NPR)
Nuclear posture review (NPR)☜The NPR, published at the beginning of every administration, declares the roles and missions for U.S. nuclear forces and the associated production, maintenance infrastructure. In other words, it lays out under what conditions the US would use nuclear weapons and what resources they require. ☜D3B8AB
□
Nuclear weapon states (NWS)
Nuclear weapon states (NWS)☜As defined by Article IX, paragraph 3 of the nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, the five states that detonated a nuclear device prior to January 1, 1967 (China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States).☜D3B8AB
□
Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone (NWFZ)
Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone (NWFZ)☜A geographical area in which nuclear weapons are not allowed to be built, possessed, transferred, deployed, or tested.☜D3B8AB
□
P5
P5☜The five permanent members of the UN Security Council: China, France, Russia, the UK and the USA. These 5 countries are the only countries recognized as nuclear-weapon states under the NPT. ☜D3B8AB
□
Positive security assurances
Positive security assurances☜Guarantees by nuclear weapon states that they will assist any non-nuclear weapon state that is the target of nuclear aggression or is threatened by such aggression.☜D3B8AB
□
Safeguards
Safeguards☜The NPT requires all non-nuclear-weapon states to have agreements with the IAEA to place their nuclear material under comprehensive safeguards to check that they are not diverted for nuclear weapons purposes. Safeguards = barriers preventing proliferation☜D3B8AB
□
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)☜Agreed in 1991 between the USA and Russia, START required the reduction of each side’s strategic warhead deployments from about 10,000 to fewer than 6,000, and limited each to no more than 1,600 strategic delivery systems.☜D3B8AB
□
Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (SORT)
Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (SORT)☜Agreed in 2002 between the USA and Russia, SORT (also known as the Moscow Treaty) requires both sides to reduce their strategic nuclear warheads to between 1,700 and 2,200 by the end of 2012.☜D3B8AB
□
Tactical nuclear weapons
Tactical nuclear weapons☜Short-range nuclear weapons, such as artillery shells, bombs, and short-range missiles, deployed for use in battlefield operations.☜D3B8AB
□
Uranium enrichment
Uranium enrichment☜A process by which natural uranium is enriched for use as fuel for power and research reactors, or into material (high enriched uranium or HEU) for nuclear weapons.☜D3B8AB
□
Graph of this discussion
Graph of this discussion☜Click this to see the whole debate, excluding comments, in graphical form☜dcdcdc
Enter the title of your article
Enter a short (max 500 characters) summation of your article
Click the button to enter task scheduling information
Open
Enter the main body of your article
Prefer more work space? Try the
big editor
Enter task details
Message text
Select assignee(s)
Due date (click calendar)
RadDatePicker
RadDatePicker
Open the calendar popup.
Calendar
Title and navigation
Title and navigation
<<
<
November 2024
>
<<
November 2024
S
M
T
W
T
F
S
44
27
28
29
30
31
1
2
45
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
46
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
47
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
48
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
49
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Reminder
No reminder
1 day before due
2 days before due
3 days before due
1 week before due
Ready to post
Copy to text
Enter
Cancel
Task assignment(s) have been emailed and cannot now be altered
Lock
Cancel
Save
Comment graphing options
Choose comments:
Comment only
Whole thread
All comments
Choose location:
To a new map
To this map
New map options
Select map ontology
Options
Standard (default) ontology
College debate ontology
Hypothesis ontology
Influence diagram ontology
Story ontology
Graph to private map
Cancel
Proceed
+Comments (
0
)
- Comments
Add a comment
Newest first
Oldest first
Show threads
+Citations (
0
)
- Citations
Add new citation
List by:
Citerank
Map
+About
- About
Entered by:-
François Dongier
NodeID:
#55711
Node type:
Protagonist
Entry date (GMT):
3/30/2010 9:08:00 PM
Last edit date (GMT):
3/30/2010 9:08:00 PM
Show other editors
Incoming cross-relations:
0
Outgoing cross-relations:
0
Average rating:
0
by
0
users
Enter comment
Select article text to quote
Cancel
Enter
welcome text
First name
Last name
Email
Skip
Join
x
Select file to upload