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The critique of artificial reason

AI is the culmination of a flawed tradition in philosophy that tries to explain human reason in terms of explicit rules, symbols, and calculating procedures. But human activity and being differ from that of calculating machines like computers.

The assumptions of AI are implicitly critiqued by a range of 20th century thinkers (Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Martin Heidegger, Michael Polyani, Thomas Kuhn etc), who show how the nature of human activity & being differ from that of calculating machines like computers.

Hubert Dreyfus, 1972, 1979, 1992.

Note: this is a general statement of Dreyfus's critique. Specific instances of his critique are spread throughout this map.
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The critique of artificial reason
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Hubert Dreyfus
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