Throughput of materials and energy is the central problem
The linear Mine-Manufacture-use-dispose economic model (or in the case of carbon fuels, Mine-Burn-Pollute) is unsustainable at present levels, let alone on a continuous-growth model. We must make the transition to a cyclical Manufacture-Use-Re-use-Recycle model. In the process of transition, much good work in the green sector of the economy will be created. Note that growth in understanding, education, art and science is possible and desirable.