Proposal (4): The "drug-centred" model
The drug-centered model is one suggested by Joanna Moncrieff, one of the founders of the Critical Psychiatry Network and the Council for Evidence-based Psychiatry.
"Drugs are frequently prescribed for people with emotional and behavioural problems – problems we currently label as ‘depression,’ ‘schizophrenia,’ ‘bipolar disorder’ and ‘ADHD.’
"... The disease centred model is borrowed from general medicine and presents drugs through the prism of the disease, disorder or constellation of symptoms the drugs are thought to treat. According to this view, drugs have their effects in a diseased or abnormal nervous system.
"... In contrast, the ‘drug-centred’ model suggests that far from correcting an abnormal state, as the disease model suggests, psychiatric drugs induce an abnormal or altered state. Psychiatric drugs are psychoactive substances, like alcohol and heroin."
Joanna Moncrieff / November 21 2013.
published October 6 2013.by Open Paradigm Project
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Thus the emphasis is now away from fixing something that is broken to simply taking a pill because it changes the way the brain works and hoping something happens that is beneficial to consciousness that is better than non-drug use, either long or short-term, taking into account risk factors.
Clearly there is an intersection here between this and the "Consciousness First" approach.
There is also the question of what kind of people are these "doctors" then? Is giving drugs to the brain in an attempt to "fix" consciousness (without knowing the connection between consciousness and the brain) a "medical" problem (because medical implies biology)?