Subsymbolic machine learning
Low-level Sub-symbolic machine learning is characterized by knowledge embodied in the parameters of a dynamical system
Historically, the use of neural networks models marked a paradigm shift in the late eighties from high-level (symbolic) artificial intelligence, characterized by expert systems with knowledge embodied in if-then rules, to low-level (sub-symbolic) machine learning, characterized by knowledge embodied in the parameters of a dynamical system