Example of the Human Genome Programme
Between 1988 and 2010 genome sequencing projects, associated research and industry activity, both directly and indirectly, generated an economic (output) impact in the U.S. alone of $796 billion and created 3.8 million job-years of employment (310,000 jobs in 2010), with personal income exceeding $244 billion. It has been claimed that the economic success of the Human Genome Programme was partly attributable to the adoption of Open Access for the public programme of research.