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Grammar Induction

Grammatical induction, also known as grammatical inference or syntactic pattern recognition

From Wikipedia:

Grammatical induction, also known as grammatical inference or syntactic pattern recognition, refers to the process in machine learning of learning a formal grammar (usually in the form of re-write rules or productions) from a set of observations, thus constructing a model which accounts for the characteristics of the observed objects. Grammatical inference is distinguished from traditional decision rules and other such methods principally by the nature of the resulting model, which in the case of grammatical inference relies heavily on hierarchical substitutions. Whereas a traditional decision rule set is geared toward assessing object classification, a grammatical rule set is geared toward the generation of examples. In this sense, the grammatical-induction problem can be said to seek a generative model, while the decision-rule problem seeks a descriptive model.
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