New Models
=> Ensure network openness and new business models, for example by ensuring access to infrastructures owned by entities outside the telecom sector (e.g. public domain, utility sectors and railways) or carrier-neutral providers (e.g. Swedish OpenNet model, Reggefiber, Enet.ie )
=> Separate civil works from services: civil works provider can be undertaken by a municipality or a region – any service provider would then get access to the fibre.
=> Adopt alternative measures such as new spectrum opportunities, crowdfunding.