Challenges for Users
High costs remain a barrier when deploying fibre: previous deploymet models have proved too expensive like ditching 1.5m deep at a cost of 90.000€ per urban Km. Whereas micro trench projects have shown to reduce costs.
On wireless they brought recent data for Harvard (Open Wireless vs. Licensed Spectrum: Evidence from Market Adoption): showing that in the USA markets are adopting open wireless strategies in mission-critical applications, in many cases more so than they are building on licensed strategies. Major apps on ehealth, smart grids, or applications on tablets and smartphones use open wireless and early implementations of mobile phone payments suggest no particular benefit to exclusive-license strategies. Thus open wireless may develop more attractive alternatives.(see chart below, USA data for iphones and ipads coming from the Harvard article referenced before).