Making Rigging History


How not to rig an election is a project designed to create an early warning system for identifying, interrogating and arresting election malpractice before they happen, especially in this election cycle.

It is a forensic look at the 2007 elections, to enable us look forward towards the 2011 election.


Elections in Nigeria have for the last six or so decades followed a fairly predictable path of 'rigging'. Even so, the 2007 elections by most accounts were the worst elections in living memory

This Project, inspired by Tunji Lardner from Wangonet, gathered a team of 120 people in Lagos on 2 March 2011 to examine 'the who,' 'the what,' 'the when,' 'the how,' and 'the why,' of the 2007 elections and to build a 'Nigerian Electoral System V 2.0 Blueprint':

The Making Rigging History Framework


In Tunji’s words...

“The inception of the idea was about two years ago when at yet another conference on Nigeria, the issue of rigging the 2011 elections was again raised.

The predictable low calorie thinking ensued; prosaic nostrums about complex and systemic phenomena.

I raised the issue about taking a serious look back at the 2007 elections to critically examine the hidden pathologies, identify hidden patterns and yes, point out the culprits in the commission of this crime.

Then it struck me that this was actually not unlike the post-mortem investigation of a crime scene in which the victim was the elections.

So the pitch was to think of the idea as an engaging episode of any of the CSI franchise, in which the victim was the 2007 elections and the crime scene was Nigeria. We had to go back, poke around the crime scene looking for latent clues, interview ‘persons of interest,’ examine the corpse of the victim and then go to the crime laboratory to conduct the post mortem investigations before a live audience. It was clear in my mind that the only way we could get people to look at old things differently, was to present them with a newer lens to view old, familiar but really unexamined phenomena.

Through the GP process, we swapped the low-resolution monochromatic lens for a stunning HD lens, and voila, the visual tableau of the seventy-foot wall revealed the patterns, the clues, the system and the modus operandi of ‘How to rig an election’.

Even with the change of title at the behest of our sponsor, to ‘how NOT to rig an election,’ the workshop presented a critical look back at the 2007 elections, that enabled participants to look forward and clearly toward the 2011 elections and beyond.“






Poster created by David Price on 11:17 AM 19 April 2011 GMT
8. Counting

8. Counting



At this stage there is one fundamental objective – to accurately count the number of votes per candidate. This requires complete objectivity, integrity and total transparency of process.

The ballot papers that were completed by the electorate should match the total count in every way.

Being able to validate that the count has been all-inclusive is a key part of the process. That requires all of the processes leading up to the count to have been operating effectively.
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5. Pre-voting

5. Pre-voting



There are numerous administration activities that will start in parallel with the preceding phases – so that come election day everything is in order and voting can occur safely, securely and with the involvement of everyone who is entitled and motivated to vote.

This is a significant operation that requires timely planning, tight co-ordination and strong management.

It involves the movement of equipment across regions, rural and urban. It requires the establishment of secure polling stations and the provision of information so that everyone knows where they go to vote. It depends on the availability of ballot papers and skilled people to manage the process.

Everything has to be tested and have contingency in place.

Third parties have to be selected wisely and their contribution managed. Problems have to be anticipated so that there are fallback plans and reactions must be swift when those plans are called on. 
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1. Announcement

1. Announcement



In reality the process starts with rumour and debate. Elections are not just suddenly announced and there will be a trigger – it could be expiry of term of a significant destabilising event – whatever the reason there will be activity leading up to an Election announcement that ends with the Announcement/s – the date of the election/s and some information about the process to follow. These are the first opportunities to create a solid foundation for the election.
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2. Registration

2. Registration



Registration is a critical enabler to giving everyone a chance to have their say. This means knowing exactly who is entitled to vote and making sure that they have a chance to mark their ballot paper themselves. It also places a responsibility on every eligible citizen to respect that right and register their intention to vote.
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3. Nomination

3. Nomination



The electorate needs choice, and to know that the people they most trust to run the country are being put forward as candidates. People will be disinclined to support this system if they have no emotional connection with the nominees.

All parties have the right to be included in the system and to be confident that they will be treated as equally in opposition as they will when in power.
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4. Campaign

4. Campaign



A chance to connect with the electorate over the issues being promoted and to help them understand how they will be addressed by each party and candidate representing that party.

This is not a time for personal agenda and ambition. Candidates must make it clear what they stand for otherwise there is no motivation to vote – and for those who are motivated there is no way of determining the better candidate.
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6. Voting

6. Voting



By the time voting day arrives everything should be in place and the focus moves to ensuring that nothing impedes the course of democracy.

People need to be in place ahead of time so that no one is turned away because the station is not open. And the stations must be open when they say and for as long as they have promised. No citizen should feel intimidated or in any way discouraged from turning up to place their vote.
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7. Collating

7. Collating



Having cast the vote the administration has an obligation to make sure that every vote counts. This means accurate and effective collation of the results along with safe transportation of the ballot boxes to the counting stations. Every ballot paper deserves to find its way into the count fully reflecting the wishes of the voter.

This also requires open declaration of spoiled and destroyed papers so that they can be accounted for in the counting phase.
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9. Declaration

9. Declaration



The declaration phase covers the final announcement of the winning party/candidate plus subsequent challenges and petitions. The system is not complete until all stakeholders are in agreement that a fair and democratic process has been followed.

Firstly the announcement must be reflective of the actual result – there should be no last minute opportunities to decide to ignore everything that happened till now.

Challenges and petitions that do arise must be dealt with objectively and within a meaningful legal framework – one that represents everything that the system should stand for and one that cannot be corrupted or distorted by individual or party interference.
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